Marek d chelkowski forex market
To sum up, we are planning steady expansion, cost and resource optimisation, and the consistent development of our staff. Activity and products The main activities of KGHM are focused on the production of copper and silver. KGHM annually produces about thousand tons of electrolytic copper and 1, tons of silver. KGHM is the 10th-largest producer of copper and the 3rdlargest producer of silver in the world.
The basic operations of the Company are primarily focused on: :: copper ore mining, :: copper production, and :: the production of precious metals and other non-ferrous metals. Moreover, the range of products offered by KGHM is broadened by a range of by-products that constitute added value in the revenues of the company. These include gold and lead, and recently rhenium. The resource base KGHM possesses its own copper ore deposit and its own integrated production structure.
The resource base for KGHM is the largest in Europe and covers one of the largest copper ore deposits in the world. Its area is nearly km2. Currently, the underground mines operate at depths varying from to meters. The production structure of KGHM comprises three mines, two copper smelters, a wire rod plant and auxiliary units supporting the core business. Our facilities employ over 18 people, while in the subsidiaries which comprise the KGHM Group, another 10 people are employed.
Apart from exploring the domestic deposit, KGHM plans to develop its resource base abroad. KGHM — one of the largest Polish exporters The Company generates enormous profits, and holds a strategic interest for the Polish economy. The year saw excellent results in the production of electrolytic copper — t, and of metallic silver — 1 t, and above all a record profit — nearly PLN 4. KGHM is one of the largest Polish exporters, the largest employer in Lower Silesia, and a significant part of the WIG20 index, being a winner of many prestigious statuettes and distinctions.
Taking care of the environment KGHM cares about the natural environment. Enormous financial outlays, model technology and methods guarantee that the most stringent EU requirements and standards as respects environmental protection are met.
Responsibility to society Since its founding, KGHM has been the leader of economic development for the region. Along with other companies closely connected to it, KGHM serves as a stabilizing factor and a source of social safety for a large part of the region where it operates. The communities of the Copper Belt are among the wealthiest in Poland.
In addition, KGHM is not only a company with a rich year long experience in the metal sector, but also a company with great mining and smelting traditions and a representative of a socially responsible business, focused on promoting culture, arts and sport in the region where it operates, as well as support for health services and valuable community initiatives.
The year marked a further decline in the value of fixed telephone services. Bogdan Sadecki Telecommunications services have been liberalised in Poland, and the market is now to a large extent free. After the political changes in Poland initiated in the s, the telecommunications market is still undergoing profound transformations, moving away from the monopolistic activity of Telekomunikacja Polska TPSA and enabling service and infrastructure providers to fully compete with it.
Telecommunications activity in Poland is regulated by the telecommunications law. The Act lays down the rules for implementing and monitoring the business of providing telecommunications services and telecommunications networks. The state agency appointed for controlling, regulating and promoting the development of telecommunications in Poland is the Office of Electronic Communications UKE. This institution manages radio frequency resources, and orbital and numbering resources available to Poland, and monitors compliance with the requirements for the electromagnetic compatibility of telecommunications equipment.
Until around , the market for fixed telephone services and infrastructure was monopolised by Telekomunikacja Polska. Currently, there are dozens of operators on the market that offer a variety of services. In recent years, the electronic communications sector has changed beyond recognition in all fields, starting from competitiveness, quality, the scope and prices of services rendered to the consumer, and the involvement of local governments.
When analysing the Polish telecommunications market one can conclude that prices are dropping, while the availability of services is growing. The value of the Polish telecom market was PLN Retail sales in the three main sectors of the market — fixed and mobile telephony and Internet access — exceeded PLN A telephone, irrespective of the technology used for this purpose, is owned by the vast majority of respondents Slightly more than half the respondents use only their mobile phone.
One in 10 persons owns only a landline phone. Only 5. The fixed telephone market :: In , The second best-known operator is Netia, mentioned by over half the respondents Another recognisable provider is Telefonia Dialog, indicated by approximately one-quarter of the respondents Average ratings are: TP: 3.
Among other reasons there was also the price factor: The largest group of landline phone owners is people paying bills ranging from PLN 51 to a month Over half the respondents are familiar with the network operator Play A large percentage of respondents have cell phones that use the Era MMS and data transmission still continue to attract low interest, as only 0.
The Internet market :: Most families Furthermore, The television market :: Over a third of respondents One third On the other hand, the revenues from fixed telephone services, decreasing for another year in a row, did not allow improvements in the value of whole telecom sector. The revenues in the industry were determined by profound changes in the structure of consumption and the modes of service provision. The expansion of data transmission services was also significant.
On the other hand, total average call duration per user was longer by about minutes. Mobile operators competed with each other, offering promotional minutes and SMS message packages. Roaming service prices were then higher than their national counterparts by between a few times in the case of voice calls and SMSs to more than 10 times. This, however, was not reflected in the volume of traffic. TVK operators sparked the drop in Internet access prices by offering their subscribers more attractive prices than the xDSL service providers.
The value of the Internet access market increased by PLN 0. The market for mobile access was dynamically developing. The number of cable TV modems was steadily growing. The bandwidth offered was growing and thus, narrow-band connections accounted only for 0.
According to the Office, the statistics concerning Poland versus the European Union fill you with optimism. A significantly lower percentage of businesses use only landline phones 8. A significant market share is noted by Netia, whose services are used by Telefonia Dialog has a negligible share — 2. The mobile telephone market :: Among firms which use the services provided by mobile telephone operators are Orange Era and Orange clients, The highest average number of mobile phones 2.
In They use mainly two types of speed connections: from 1 to 1. Poles were interested in double-play services, usually combining cable television with Internet access, and as stated by UKE, more than 2. The year marked a further decline in the value of fixed telephone services — by PLN 1. UKE also found a significant slowdown in the growth of VoIP services Voice over Internet Protocol — Internet telephony , which, according to the Office, shows that the development of the segment has slowed.
In contrast to the telecom market as a whole, fixed telephone services market did not grow. Statistics on the number of subscribers and traffic volumes from year to year display increasingly weak results. The overall level of investment about PLN 6.
Nonetheless, Telekomunikacja Polska and new players in the mobile market P4, Aero2 and CenterNet improved this situation. In their report on the telecom industry in Central and Eastern Europe, Erste Group analysts project that the average annual growth rate in the telecommunications sector in Poland in the years should be 0. This will be the result of growth in the field of mobile data transmission, as well as in pay television and fixed broadband connections.
The main problem for the sector remains the low level of revenues from mobile telephone services and voice services offering a fixed rate. This is due to the displacement of fixed telephony by mobile telephony, migration to VoIP, the lower prices of service packages, and the lower prices of paid services such as mobile terminated, roaming services and competition from other operators. Labour markets in the region reported no significant improvement and the consolidation of budgets in the public sector also restricts spending.
The Erste Group analysts expect that next year in this field there will be a definite improvement. Erste analysts indicate in the report that the European Commission has recommended a reduction in the Mobile Termination Rate to 1. The market is exhibiting fierce competition and the only change is the focus on the promotion of mobile data transfer. The gas market liberalisation model in Poland in The obligation to include in the Polish legal system the so-called third liberalisation package of the European Union, and the directive on promoting the use of energy from renewable sources, have made it necessary to develop new legislative solutions for the energy sector in Poland.
The solutions provided in the said package are intended to foster the liberalisation of the gas market in Europe. Has Poland sufficiently demonstrated its capability to advance the work towards establishing a single gas market in the EU, having assumed the Presidency of the EU on 1 July ?
What is the alternative to drafting a separate Polish law for the gas sector? It raises many economic controversies, which are caused by the extremely complex geopolitical structure related to this raw material. Poland is currently in the middle of an international dialogue, with a view to ensuring the higher diversification of both the transfer and supply of this crucial material. The implementation of the EU Third Energy Package in Poland, which aims to ensure the energy security of Europe, has been in progress since 3 March The internal natural gas market, which has been gradually developed in the entire European Community since , seeks to guarantee a real choice to all EU consumers, whether citizens or enterprises, to create new economic opportunities, as well as to increase the level of cross-border trade, in order to achieve higher efficiency, competitive prices and better standards, and to contribute to the security of supply and stability.
Legal regulations on the gas market constitute a form of combatting the adverse influence of strongly-dominated markets, and their principal objectives focus on management efficiency and the protection of consumer interests. According to Prof.
A detailed 8page questionnaire can be downloaded from the website of the Energy Regulatory Office. According to the Minister of the Economy, the gas industry will soon receive a set of legislative solutions, including a new gas law and related regulations, which will foster development in this sector. In order not only to survive, but also to successfully pursue their activities in different conditions, they will have to face new challenges, arising from the new realities of the competitive market and from a more diversified choice of gas suppliers provided to all gas recipients.
This will act as an incentive to reorienting development policies and to introducing modern actions and measures, as well as strategies commonly applied on mature gas markets. The current legal basis which governs the functioning of the gas market in Poland is provided by the Energy Law Act, enacted by the Sejm of the Republic of Poland on 10 April , together with related secondary legislation regulations , including especially regulations by the Minister of the Economy and the Minister of the Environment.
The reference Act defines the principles of the development of State energy policy, the principles and terms of supply and the use of fuels and energy, and the operation of energy enterprises. It was developed primarily with the aim of adjusting the Polish energy sector to market economy Gas requirements. For obvious reasons, EU Directives became the basis for creating the national legal regulations concerning the energy market.
For several years, the Polish law has undergone numerous changes. This year, we are facing yet another amendment. The provisions of Polish Energy Law reveal the lack of clarity of the current legislative solutions and the necessity to adjust them to geopolitical dynamics.
The amendment planned will seek to implement the new EU solutions concerning the functioning of the internal natural gas market, and to exclude the gas-related provisions from the current Act. Such a solution is aimed at transposing the EU directives, at ordering and simplifying the provisions, and at adjusting the current regulations in line with the EU ones.
The proposed solution will entail, inter alia, developing two separate draft Acts, i. Such a division is justified by the presence of separate laws for the gas industry in the vast majority of EU countries. The new Gas Law A significant change introduced by the new Polish gas law should be reflected in limiting the scope of its application only to the natural gas which is, or can be, pumped into the gas system.
Natural gas, according to the new definition, is high-methane or high-nitrogen natural gas, including liquefied, supplied through the gas network. Other types of flammable gas, including agricultural biogas, are considered natural gas, within the meaning of the Act, to the extent that their entry to, and transport through, the gas system is possible.
Therefore, the regulation of propane and butane gas has been abandoned, as it is a petroleum derivative with different chemical properties that cannot enter the gas system. The amended definition will result in decreasing the burden on gas enterprises, connected with the regulation of a narrow market segment. To this end, liquefied natural gas trade regulation should also be abandoned, unless it is transferred through the gas system. Natural gas will also remain beyond the scope of the reference Act, as its trading and transport does not involve a gas infrastructure.
The Gas Law Act should specifically regulate the principles of conducting business activities by gas system operators, paying special attention to gassystem security. Defining the precise service provision conditions should have a positive impact on the competition between gas enterprises, as it creates a transparent legal situation, in which the rights and obligations of each entrepreneur are expressly specified.
Gas law will also determine the principles of cooperation between gas enterprises. The major obligations of gas entrepreneurs, connected with providing the services related to infrastructure access, system connections, etc. The above raises the question about the future of the Energy Law Act: will it disappear entirely or will it only exclude the provisions concerning gas and renewable energy sources? Or will it perhaps remain in force as a residual Act, retaining the provisions which cannot be allocated to any of the sectoral laws?
Such an effective division may only be ensured through eliminating incentives for such enterprises to apply discriminatory practices towards their competitors, as regards network access and investments. The property division, which should be understood as appointing the network owner to act as the system operator, and as preserving their independence of any supply and production-related affairs, clearly appears to be an efficient and stable The current legal status in the gas sector: :: Act of 10 April — Energy Law, :: Act of 16 February on stocks of crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas, and on the code of conduct in the event of a threat to the fuel security of the State and the disruption of the petroleum market, :: Regulation of the Minister of the Economy of 2 July on detailed conditions for the functioning of the gas system, :: Regulation of the Minister of the Economy of 6 February on the detailed rules on the structuring and calculating of tariffs and settlements in the trading of fuel gas, :: Regulation of the Minister of the Economy of 30 July on the technical conditions to be met by gas networks.
Source: own study means to solve the intrinsic conflict of interests and to ensure security of supplies. Under the principles of property division, Member States should be obliged to ensure that the same person or persons is not or are not simultaneously authorised to control an enterprise producing or supplying gas, and to supervise the execution of any rights with respect to the transfer system operator.
Each division should effectively eliminate any conflicts of interest between producers, suppliers and transfer system operators, in order to foster necessary investments, and to ensure access to all market entrants, as part of a transparent and efficient regulatory system. It should also avoid creating an excessively expensive regulatory framework for the domestic regulatory bodies, related to supplies and production.
The amendments to the regulations on the functioning of the market should be prompt, in order to secure the changes occurring on this market. They are bound, on the one hand, by the necessity to adjust Polish legislation to the EU and, on the other hand, by the complex structural changes. Nevertheless, the sum of microeconomic opinions allows us to shape some predictions concerning the broader economic picture.
If the number of optimists within the private sector grows we can assume that their expectations towards world economic recovery are also growing. Does that mean that contrary to what media say we are about to witness the end of the crisis? Interviewed entrepreneurs take into consideration microeconomic indicators concerning only their own company, thus their answers do not reflect their opinion on the economy as a whole.
Grant Thornton research indicates that two out of five businesses believe that the next year will What type of companies do well in such a volatile and instable times? First of all we need to understand what the volatile economy means to a company. Above all, it is fragility of assumptions. Normally, a business assumes scenarios about the future, invests money according to these predictions and then, all of the sudden, it proves that the reality is different from our original scenario.
So, the ultimate winners are the firms whose top management has a good insight into market developments and is capable of taking quickly some brave decisions. Sometimes it means abandoning of unfinished projects, in other cases it may mean just convincing the team that the way of doing things which gave us success yesterday equally well may bring the firm into trouble tomorrow.
What about Polish private sector — can it be perceived as that flexible and integral? Performance of the Polish economy, particularly put against other European economies, allow to state that Polish entrepreneurs cope with the difficulties exceptionally well. The main obstacle which prevents Polish companies to react even better to this volatile environment is the red tape. Undisputable majority of our entrepreneurs indicates this factor as the main constraint for their growth.
The importance of this phenomenon has been emphasized by the recent OECD research. And that, along with improvement of infrastructure, should be a priority for our government in the upcoming years. Lack of infrastructure and excessive administration is also a problem in developing countries. Despite this fact, it is firms operating in these countries who are the engine of growth of the global economy. Forecast for these countries is really impressive.
The macroeconomic landscape of the world is subject to rapid changes. Latin America and Asia are growing from strength to strength. Looking for the reasons behind the new economic order, it is worth to look into the economy which has reported particularly impressive growth.
Recent forecasts indicate that the continental China will generate the largest nominal GDP in the world. However, from the point of view of the purchasing power parity, China will overtake the U. With business restrictions disappearing for foreigners and trade volumes skyrocketing, China is becoming a promised land for investors.
During the last decade of XX century the average value of direct investments in China was around 30 billion dollars. The data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development indicates that this number hit billion already in What is the reason for this increasing presence of international companies in China? The yen has been rising against the dollar during this period but this had no impact on the surplus of Japan with the United States.
Though still relatively mild by historical recovery standards, growth in is likely to be modestly higher than consensus estimates, as pointed out in the January Bulletin. A rebalancing of demand in favor of emerging markets, especially China, and confirmation that policy makers are resisting an early exit from stimulus policies have buttressed prospects for the recovery to continue into next year. However, the Greek crisis and its possible spread to other uncompetitive and fiscally vulnerable Euro area countries that together account for 7.
Upward revisions of GDP growth estimates for the fourth quarter of in the United States and the UK are signs of strength in the global recovery. The Asian Development Bank is revising its economic growth forecast for developing Asia to around 7 percent, up from 6. Several emerging markets are returning to trend growth, including China, India, Indonesia, and Argentina.
World trade remains below its pre-crisis peak but is expanding very rapidly. World trade rose at a record monthly pace of 4. Imports in emerging economies grew 7. The manufacturing sector has continued to expand as well. Importantly, growth also appears to be extending into services.
The U. Despite these improvements, however, private sector demand growth in the advanced countries remains fragile and overly dependent on government stimulus amid high unemployment, weak housing markets, and hesitant consumers. Declining external deficits and surpluses represent another encouraging development that enhances the sustainability of the recovery.
Total current account imbalances, the sum of current account balances across deficit and surplus countries in absolute value terms, narrowed to 3. Imbalances are expected to expand only marginally in Given the relative strength of the recovery, however, the U. Dollar Index, which tracks the dollar against a trade-weighted basket of currencies, has risen by about 8 percent since November.
Returns in equity and bond markets there have also been spectacular, with the MSCI Emerging Markets Index doubling over the last year, though there has been little change since December Strong growth and balance sheet fundamentals appear to justify these advances.
The Brazilian Bovespa and Mexican Bolsa, for example, are only 6. In China, property prices in 70 cities rose Though it is too early to speak of a speculative bubble in emerging markets, prospects for very low interest rates in the advanced countries continuing well into and the wide growth gap favoring emerging markets suggest that the classic conditions for a bubble may be starting to build. A sovereign debt crisis affecting all or a subset of these countries will slow European growth, depress the euro, and could eventually spill over into a global confidence crisis that would affect some vulnerable emerging markets Turkey is one example and other advanced countries.
Europe Under Stress Greece is likely to be rescued by the IMF or its European partners, or at least supported in an orderly restructuring of its debt, but its competitiveness problem will persist for years to come. Even if its structural adjustment measures succeed, they will take years to complete and Greek growth will remain depressed.
The same will apply— though to a lesser degree—in the other vulnerable European countries. These problems will severely test the political support for the European project in the vulnerable countries as well as in Germany and the other countries that will have to come to the rescue. One or more countries leaving the Euro area, though still a low probability scenario, can no longer be ruled out.
Exit Strategies Will Remain Cautious Though countries are already paving the path to exit from stimulus, and some, like Australia, have taken steps along it, the larger advanced economies are maintaining expansionary monetary and fiscal policies and are likely to continue to do so at least into , reflecting the weakness of private sector demand. Although the Fed may raise U. Given the serious risk of prolonged stagnation in the European periphery, there are worthy arguments for Germany, and other countries that can afford it, to increase fiscal stimulus in the coming years, and for the European Central Bank to maintain its expansionary stance for the foreseeable future.
Monetary policy will remain expansionary in Japan as well. In emerging Asia, where the recovery began, policy makers have already begun to wind down stimulus efforts. Over the past two months, China has increased reserve requirements several times and repeatedly urged banks to curb lending.
As economies continue to recover at different speeds and international interest rates remain low, the coming years will be marked by increased carry trades and exchange rate fluctuations, implying a heightened risk of bubbles and speculative attacks. Sovereign debt problems, which had disappeared from sight in the pre-crisis years, have again become a central source of risk—underscoring the need for policy makers to develop credible, long-term fiscal consolidation frameworks and to build the political consensus necessary to execute them once the global recovery is on firmer footing.
Posted on Sustainabilitank. The Japanese economy posted growth in the last quarter, but I would like to make a few observations about the components of the growth. The revised figures for gross domestic product in October-December , announced on March 11, showed that economic activity grew 0.
While faster than anticipated progress in inventory adjustment was one of the factors that contributed to the downward revision of the preliminary quarterly GDP figure of 1. But closer examination of the data behind the rosy results raises some questions. First, it should be noted that the 0. Personal consumption — the largest component of GDP — expanded a robust 0.
However, we need to be aware that these programs are eating into future demand. Consumers are believed to be pushing up purchases of new cars and TVs to beat the deadline for the popular programs whether their older products are still usable or not.
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He is a discretionary trader who exclusively trades spot currency markets. Jul 19, News for forex traders. Chelkowski, which operates a discretionary fundamental spot forex program. How to use daily forex signal indicator. Forex aud eur history. Tassazione forex svizzera. Uwcfx forex trading.
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While there was a negative correlation between the two, he saw this as a sign the move was overdone. There were calls for Dow 40, Of course there were many fortunes lost waiting for sanity to prevail. Chelkowski looks at the technicals because he says forex is perhaps the most technically driven sector, but only for confirmation and timing.
He forms an opinion on a global macro perspective and then looks at the technicals. He trades from a short-term perspective in the direction of the longer-term trend. When a currency pair has a correction or a move counter to the longer-term trend, he will take that opportunity to establish a position. He studies currency pairs and will enter with a small position and look for the market to confirm his opinion before he adds to it.
Risk management is important; I will throw in the towel when I am wrong. The market tells you where it stands and where the strength is. Discover More Articles.
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